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What is NAD+?
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential coenzyme present in all living cells. It is integral to numerous biological functions, especially those involving energy production and cellular metabolism. NAD+ is key in electron transfer during metabolic reactions, which allows for the conversion of nutrients into usable cellular energy, a process vital for the survival and proper functioning of all organisms.
Beyond its role in energy metabolism, NAD+ is involved in several other critical functions, including:
- DNA Repair
- Cellular Energy
- Immune Function
- Neurotransmission
- Telomere Length
- Sirtuin Activation
- Energy Production
Our experts dive deeper into each function and explain how NAD+ may positively impact longevity.
DNA Repair
DNA, despite being protected within chromosomes, is highly susceptible to damage. This can lead to DNA strand breaks and mutations in essential genes, contributing to aging and diseases like cancer and immune dysfunction. When DNA damage occurs, an enzyme called PARP-1 is activated to repair the damage, but it consumes large amounts of NAD+. As NAD+ levels deplete, PARP-1's ability to repair DNA diminishes. However, replenishing NAD+ can restore DNA repair and prevent cell death under stress. Studies have shown that increasing NAD+ levels can reduce neurodegenerative disease severity, improve neuromuscular function, delay memory loss, and extend lifespan.
Cellular Energy
A hallmark of aging is the decline in cellular energy, leading to reduced ATP levels and inadequate fuel for the body. One reason for this decline is the reduced efficiency of the electron transport chain, where NAD+ plays a crucial role in energy extraction from food. Restoring NAD+ levels has been shown to enhance electron transport chain function, promoting the enzymes involved in energy extraction, maintaining youthful cell function, and protecting against age-related diseases.
Immune Function
As we age, immune cells can become overactive or lose efficiency, a process known as immunosenescence. NAD+ levels are vital for regulating immune and inflammatory pathways, including cytokines like TNF-alpha. Adequate NAD+ levels help maintain youthful cellular energy, essential for preventing immunosenescence and protecting against infections and autoimmune diseases.
Neurotransmission
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that relay signals between nerve cells, influencing functions like mood, appetite, and stress. NAD+ meets all the criteria for a neurotransmitter, with evidence of its role found in the brain, as well as intestinal and blood vessel smooth muscles. Sufficient NAD+ is crucial for sustaining brain health.
Telomere Length
NAD+ is necessary for the function of sirtuins, proteins that contribute to longevity by maintaining telomere length. Telomeres are DNA sequences that cap chromosome ends, shortening each time a cell replicates. Critically short telomeres signal cellular aging or death. While exercise and weight loss have been shown to extend telomere length, nutrients like resveratrol, which activate sirtuins, also rely on ample NAD+ for optimal function. Extending telomere length with NAD+ could potentially slow aging and enhance longevity.
Sirtuin Activation
Sirtuins regulate cellular aging by influencing DNA repair, inflammation, and cell life cycles. Compounds like resveratrol and quercetin are explored as sirtuin activators, but NAD+ is essential for their function. Sirtuin activation has shown promise in combating cardiovascular disease and preserving brain function, highlighting the importance of sufficient NAD+ levels.
Energy Production
NAD+ plays a vital role in converting food into ATP, the energy fuel for cells. It also acts as an "energy currency" and a signaling molecule in energy production processes. When DNA damage occurs, PARP-1 consumes NAD+, reducing energy production. High NAD+ levels enable sirtuins to perform metabolic and stress-protective functions, contributing to longevity. Thus, consistent NAD+ levels are crucial for efficient energy production and overall health.
Ready to Try NAD+?
NAD+ IV Drip and NAD+ IM Shots hold significant potential in promoting longevity by enhancing DNA repair, boosting cellular energy, modulating immune function, supporting neurotransmitter roles, maintaining telomere length, activating sirtuins and ensuring efficient energy production.
Its comprehensive benefits make NAD+ a promising focus for extending healthspan and lifespan. Book your NAD+ appointment today.
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